DISEASE: Bacterial decline
HOST: Papaya
Bacterial decline of papaya, historically called St. Croix decline, was thought to be caused by a fungus. This picture shows a papaya with dead top and side branches, a severe stage of the disease.

Bacterial decline | Papaya
DISEASE: Bacterial decline
HOST: Papaya (Carica papaya)
PATHOGEN: Erwinia papayae
SOURCE: M. Schroth
DISEASE: Bacterial decline
HOST: Papaya
Water-soaked papaya stem in St. Croix. Dark, water-soaked, greasy lesions occur on stems and leaves. The causal agent differs somewhat from descriptions of Erwinia papayae D strains in Micronesia.

Bacterial decline | Papaya
DISEASE: Bacterial decline
HOST: Papaya (Carica papaya)
PATHOGEN: Erwinia papayae
SOURCE: M. Schroth
DISEASE: Bacterial decline
HOST: Papaya
Bacterial invasion of leaf veins and adjacent tissues of papaya in Micronesia. This disease has also been called canker, dieback, and blight.

Bacterial decline | Papaya
DISEASE: Bacterial decline
HOST: Papaya (Carica papaya)
PATHOGEN: Erwinia papayae
SOURCE: E. Trujillo
DISEASE: Bacterial decline
HOST: Papaya
Complete destruction of papaya plantation in Micronesia. Only a severely damaged trunk remains.

Bacterial decline | Papaya
DISEASE: Bacterial decline
HOST: Papaya (Carica papaya)
PATHOGEN: Erwinia papayae
SOURCE: E. Trujillo
DISEASE: Bacterial fasciation
HOST: Papaya
Fasciation symptoms of papaya. Causal agent is unknown.

Bacterial fasciation | Papaya
DISEASE: Bacterial fasciation
HOST: Papaya (Carica papaya)
PATHOGEN: Causal agent unknown
SOURCE: A. Alvarez
DISEASE: Bacterial mushy canker
HOST: Papaya
This disease (Micronesia) differs from bacterial decline by causing blackish, water-soaked, mushy cankers near or in leaf axils or on young stems.

Bacterial mushy canker | Papaya
DISEASE: Bacterial mushy canker
HOST: Papaya (Carica papaya)
PATHOGEN: Erwinia sp.
SOURCE: E. Trujillo
DISEASE: Citrus canker
HOST: Citrus (Orange)
Leaf with leaf miner tunnels and numerous cankerlike lesions.

Citrus canker | Citrus (Orange)
DISEASE: Citrus canker
HOST: Citrus (Orange) (Citrus sinensis)
PATHOGEN: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Xanthomonas citri
SOURCE: T. Gottwald
DISEASE: Citrus canker
HOST: Citrus (Orange)
Upper side of leaves with corky, raised lesions surrounded by yellow halos, a late stage of disease. Such infections usually are visible on lower sides of leaves first and soon after on upper sides.

Citrus canker | Citrus (Orange)
DISEASE: Citrus canker
HOST: Citrus (Orange) (Citrus sinensis)
PATHOGEN: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Xanthomonas citri
SOURCE: J. H. Graham
DISEASE: Citrus canker
HOST: Citrus (Orange)
Yellowish halos are seen around lesions on the upper leaf surface, whereas lesions on the lower surface are more corky in appearance and have sunken centers without halos.

Citrus canker | Citrus (Orange)
DISEASE: Citrus canker
HOST: Citrus (Orange) (Citrus sinensis)
PATHOGEN: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Xanthomonas citri
SOURCE: J. Young